| Civilization | From | To |
| Halaf Period | 4500 B.C. | 2500 B.C |
| Sumerians | 2900 B.C. | 2500 B.C |
| Akkadians | 2500 B.C. | 2050 B.C |
| Eblaites | 2400 B.C. | 1850 B.C |
| Babylonians | 2000 B.C. | 539 B.C |
| Canaanites of Inland | 1900 B.C. | 538 B.C |
| Canaanites of the Sea "Phoenicians" | 1900 B.C. | 64 B.C |
| Hurrians | 1800 B.C. | 1276 B.C |
| Assyrians in Syria | 1700 B.C. | 1276 B.C |
| Egyptions in Syria | 1700 B.C. | 1276 B.C |
| Hittites in Syria | 1700 B.C. | 1276 B.C |
| Arameans | 1200 B.C. | 732 B.C |
| Chaldeans | 612 B.C. | 561 B.C |
| Palmyrians | 600 B.C. | 272 A.D |
| Persians in Syria | 538 B.C. | 333 B.C |
| Hellenistic Period | 333 B.C. | 64 B.C |
| Nabateans | 169 B.C. | 106 A.D |
| Ghassanides | 100 B.C. | 635 A.D |
| Romans in Syria | 64 B.C. | 330 A.D |
| Byzantines | 330 A.D | 635 A.D |
| Sassanids | 540 A.D | 635 A.D |
| Ummayyads | 661 A.D | 750 A.D |
| Abbasids | 750 A.D | 1258 A.D |
| Ikhchidid | 933 A.D | 968 A.D |
| Hamadanids | 944 A.D | 1001 A.D |
| Fatimids in Syria | 968 A.D | 1075 A.D |
| Saljouks | 1075 A.D | 1174 A.D |
| Crusaders | 1096 A.D | 1187 A.D |
| Ayyoubids | 1174 A.D | 1259 A.D |
| Mamelouks | 1255 A.D | 1516 A.D |
| Ottomans | 1516 A.D | 1918 A.D |
| Great Arab Revolution | 1918 A.D | 1920 A.D |
| French Mandate | 1920 A.D | 1946 A.D |
| Syrian Arab Republic | Since 1946 A.D | |